The complete short fiction of Jorge Luis Borges, including 'The Library of Babel' (1941) — the centrepiece of Article 2's circular reference argument. Borges imagines a universe that IS a library: an infinite collection containing every possible arrangement of characters, every book ever written, and every slightly wrong version of every book. The inhabitants go mad searching for meaning in infinite noise. A precise philosophical antecedent to the model collapse problem: more content is not more knowledge, and a system producing its own content in unlimited quantities is elaborating a model of a model of a model.